MARY SEMINAR___
Part 01/08 - Stephen Bohr
Biblical Portrait of Mary
Dibuka
dengan doa.
As
I mentioned in my prayer we are going to study in this series about Mary the
mother of Jesus. In our study today we are going to look at what the Bible has
to say about Mary. We are going to be exhaustive in our study, in other words
we are going to leave no stone unturned, as we examine the biblical evidence.
We are not going to embellish the record, we are not going to add to what
Scripture has to say, we simply are going to take the testimony of Scripture at
face value. Now, it might be surprising to some that the Bible does not have a lot to say
about Mary, the mother of Jesus. Actually the only place that we really find
Mary mentioned is in the four gospels. After the 4 gospels there is really
no direct mention to Mary the mother of Jesus.
Seperti
yang tadi saya sebutkan dalam doa saya, dalam serie ini kita akan belajar
tentang Maria ibu Yesus. Dalam pelajaran kita hari ini kita akan melihat apa
yang dikatakan Alkitab tentang Maria. Kita akan mengupas semuanya dalam
pelajaran kita ini, dengan kata lain pada waktu kita memeriksa bukti-bukti dari
Alkitab kita tidak akan membiarkan ada yang terlewatkan. Kita tidak akan
membumbui catatannya, kita tidak akan menambahi apa yang dikatakan Kitab Suci,
kita semata-mata akan menerima kesaksian Kitab Suci secara harafiah. Nah,
mungkin ada yang heran bahwa ternyata Alkitab
tidak bercerita terlalu banyak tentang Maria ibu Yesus. Sebenarnya cerita
tentang Maria hanya kita temukan dalam keempat injil. Setelah
keempat injil sebenarnya tidak disebutkan lagi tentang Maria ibu Yesus secara
langsung.
What
we are going to do is we are going to take a jaunt through the gospels ~
actually there is one reference after the gospels, but it really is in the context
of what Jesus did when He died on the cross, on the day of Pentecost, but we
are going to examine the references to Mary in chronological order.
·
The first reference that
we are going to find about Mary is found in the nativity stories that we find
in the gospels, in other words the record of the birth of Jesus.
· The second place that we are going to take into account is when
Jesus visited the temple when He was 12 years old, that’s the next mention of
Mary the mother of Jesus.
· Then we are going to visit the wedding feast where Jesus went to Cana and He performed His first
miracle as He began His ministry.
· Then we are going to examine a couple of references to Mary
during the ministry of Jesus.
· Then we will go and visit the reference to Mary as Jesus hung on the
cross at Calvary.
· And finally we will examine Mary as she is found on the day of
Pentecost, after the death of Jesus, actually 50 days after the resurrection of
Christ.
·
And then towards the end
of our study together we are going to examine one other passage which some
people have taken to be referring to Mary, and that is Revelation 12, the woman
who is clothed with the sun, who is standing on the moon and has on her head a
crown of 12 stars. This woman has been
taken as representing Mary, the mother of Jesus. And so we are going to examine
that reference as well.
Yang
akan kita lakukan adalah kita akan keliling-keliling di kitab-kitab Injil ~
sebenarnya masih ada satu pernyataan setelah kitab-kitab Injil, tetapi itu
adalah dalam konteks apa yang dilakukan Kristus saat Dia menjalani kematian di
salib, yaitu pada hari Pentakosta. Tetapi kita akan memeriksa semua referensi
tentang Maria sesuai urutan kronologinya.
·
Referensi
yang pertama yang akan kita dapati tentang Maria ada dalam kisah kelahiran
Kristus yang terdapat dalam kitab-kitab Injil, dengan kata lain, catatan
tentang kelahiran Yesus.
· Tempat kedua yang akan kita simak adalah
ketika Yesus mengunjungi Bait Suci saat berusia 12 tahun, di sanalah Maria ibu
Yesus, disebutkan berikutnya.
· Lalu kita akan ke pesta pernikahan yang
didatangi Yesus di Kana dan Yesus membuat mujizatNya yang pertama saat Dia
mengawali pelayananNya.
· Lalu kita akan memeriksa dua referensi
tentang Maria selama pelayanan Yesus.
· Kemudian kita akan pergi dan melihat
referensi tentang Maria sementara Yesus tergantung di atas salib di Kalvari.
· Dan akhirnya kita akan memperhatikan
Maria sebagaimana ditemukan pada hari Pentakosta setelah kematian Yesus, tepatnya
50 hari setelah kebangkitan Kristus.
·
Lalu
menjelang akhir pelajaran kita bersama, kita akan memeriksa satu bacaan lagi yang
dianggap orang-orang kutipan tersebut mengacu kepada Maria yaitu yang di kitab
Wahyu 12: perempuan yang berselubung matahari yang berdiri di atas bulan dan di
kepalanya ada mahkota dari 12 bintang. Perempuan ini dianggap mewakili Maria
ibu Yesus. Maka kita juga akan memeriksa referensi tersebut.
So
let’s go immediately and speak about the nativity references that we find in
the gospels, Matthew-Mark-Luke-John.
The
first thing that I want us to notice is that both Joseph and Mary were of the
lineage of David. Mary who was the natural mother of Jesus, was of the royal
lineage of David, and Joseph was as well. What this means is that Jesus
biologically as well as legally through Joseph, had a right to kingship, He had
a right to the throne of David. Please go with me in your Bibles to the
gospel of Luke 2:4, and we’ll notice that Joseph was of the lineage of David.
It says there, “And Joseph also went up
from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, to the city of David,
which is called Bethlehem; because he was of the house and lineage of David.” Very clearly Joseph was of the line of David.
But
Scripture makes it equally clear that Mary was of the lineage of David. Notice
Romans 1:3, it says, “Concerning his Son Jesus
Christ our Lord, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh.” You notice that
Jesus got His flesh from Mary so if He was born of the seed of David according
to the flesh, it must mean that Mary was of the lineage of David.
Jadi
mari kita segera membahas tentang referensi-referensi kelahiran Yesus yang kita
temukan di Injil Matius-Markus-Lukas-Yohanes.
Yang
pertama yang saya mau kalian perhatikan adalah baik Yusuf maupun Maria berasal
dari garis keturunan Daud. Maria yang adalah ibu kandung Yesus, berasal dari
garis keturunan raja Daud, begitu juga Yusuf. Artinya, Yesus secara biologis maupun secara legal melalui Yusuf,
berhak menjadi raja, Dia berhak atas takhta kerajaan Daud.
Marilah bersama saya membuka Alkitab kalian ke Injil Lukas 2:4, dan kita akan
melihat bahwa Yusuf berasal dari garis keturunan Daud. Dikatakan di sana, “Demikian juga Yusuf pergi dari kota Nazaret di Galilea ke Yudea, ke
kota Daud yang bernama Betlehem, --karena ia berasal dari keluarga dan
keturunan Daud.” Sangat
jelas Yusuf adalah dari garis keturunan Daud.
Tetapi
Kitab Suci juga sama jelasnya mengatakan bahwa Maria pun berasal dari garis
keturunan Daud. Perhatikan Roma 1:3, dikatakan, “tentang Anak-Nya, Yesus
Kristus Tuhan kita, yang menurut daging diperanakkan dari benih Daud.” Kalian
tahu bahwa Yesus mendapatkan tubuh fisik(daging)Nya dari Maria, maka jika Dia
itu lahir dari benih Daud secara jasmani, tentunya ini berarti Maria berasal
dari garis keturunan Daud.
I
would also read a statement of that majestic biography of Jesus, called The Desire of Ages, and this quotation is
found on page 44. “As in old
time Cyrus was called to the throne of the
world's empire that he might set free the captives of the Lord, so Caesar
Augustus is made the agent for the fulfillment of God's purpose in bringing the
mother of Jesus to Bethlehem…” see, Cyrus and
Caesar Augustus played a very important role in prophecy being fulfilled. And
then we find this reference, speaking about Mary, “…She
is of the lineage of David, and the Son of David must be born in David's city…”
so very clearly both
Joseph and Mary were of the lineage of David. Through Joseph Jesus had the legal
right to the throne. Through Mary, He had a biological right to the throne.
Saya juga akan membacakan suatu
pernyataan dari biografi Yesus yang hebat, yang bernama The Desire of Ages, dan kutipan ini terdapat di halaman 44. “Sebagaimana di zaman purba Cyrus dipanggil untuk menduduki
takhta kerajaan dunia supaya dia bisa membebaskan umat Allah yang tertawan, demikian pula Kaisar Agustus dijadikan agen
untuk menggenapi tujuan Allah dengan membawa ibu Yesus ke Betlehem…” lihat, Cyrus dan Kaisar Agustus memainkan peranan penting dalam
penggenapan nubuatan. Lalu kita dapati referensi ini, berbicara tentang
Maria, “…Dia [Maria] berasal dari garis keturunan Daud, dan
keturunan Daud harus lahir di kota Daud…” jadi sangat jelas baik Yusuf maupun
Maria berasal dari garis keturunan Daud. Dari Yusuf, Yesus memiliki hak yang
sah atas takhta. Dari Maria, Yesus memiliki hak biologis atas takhta.
Now it is interesting to notice that the Bible does
not mention anything about the birth of Mary. I know that through tradition
we’ve come to believe that the parents of Mary were called St. Anne and St.
Joachim but that actually comes from an apocryphal work of the 2nd
century AD, called The Nativity of Mary. So
it’s not found in Scripture that her parents were called St. Joachim and St. Anne.
In actual fact the Bible has nothing to say about when Mary was born, where
Mary was born, to whom she was born, or how she was born. Scripture is silent about the birth of
Mary, although the Bible has much to say about the birth of Jesus.
Nah, yang menarik ialah Alkitab
tidak menyinggung apa pun tentang kelahiran Maria. Saya tahu menurut tradisi
kita percaya bahwa orangtua Maria bernama St. Anne dan St.Yoakim, tetapi itu
sesungguhnya berasal dari karya apokripal abad ke-2 yang bernama The Nativity of Mary. Jadi tidak ada dalam
Kitab Suci bahwa orangtuanya bernama St. Yoakim dan St. Anne. Fakta yang
sesungguhnya Alkitab sama sekali tidak menyinggung tentang kapan Maria
dilahirkan, di mana dia dilahirkan, siapa orangtuanya, atau bagaimana dia dilahirkan.
Kitab Suci bungkam tentang
kelahiran Maria walaupun Alkitab bercerita banyak tentang
kelahirann Yesus.
The Bible makes it very clear that Joseph
and Mary had absolutely no sexual relations before Jesus was conceived and He
was born.
I’d like to read three passages from the
gospels which show that Jesus was
born from a virgin. Notice Luke 1:26-27, it says now, “And in the sixth month
the angel Gabriel was sent by God to a city of Galilee, named Nazareth, 27
to a virgin betrothed…” by the way that means engaged, “…to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; …”
see, there you have it again, “…of the house of David; and the virgin's name
was Mary.” Now we need to remember that Luke was a physician. And so Luke would know very well what
a virgin was. And he made it very clear in these verses, these two verses, Luke
1:26-27 that Mary was a virgin when she conceived Jesus Christ.
Notice also Luke 1:34-35, it says, “Mary said to the angel, ‘How can
this be, since I do not know a man?’…” “to know” means to have sexual relations in
Scripture. “I haven’t known a man, I haven’t had any sexual relations,” she says, “…35 The
angel answered and said to her, ‘The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the
power of the Highest will overshadow you; therefore also that holy One who is to be born, will
be called the Son of God’.” Once again we are told
that she did not know a man before Jesus was born.
One
final text that speaks about the fact that Mary was a virgin until the moment
of the birth of Jesus is found in Matthew 1:18 where we find the following
words: “Now the birth of Jesus Christ was as
follows: after His mother Mary was betrothed to Joseph, before they came
together she was found with child of the Holy Spirit.” Once again, before they had come together, she conceived this
Child in her womb.
Alkitab menyatakan dengan sangat
jelas bahwa Yusuf dan Maria tidak menjalin hubungan seksual sebelum Yesus
dibuahi dan dilahirkan.
Saya ingin membacakan tiga bacaan
dari kitab Injil yang menunjukkan bahwa Yesus dilahirkan dari seorang perawan.
Perhatikan Lukas 1:26-27,
dikatakan, “Dalam bulan yang keenam Allah menyuruh malaikat Gabriel pergi ke
sebuah kota di Galilea bernama Nazaret, 27 kepada seorang perawan
yang sudah
dijanjikan…” artinya sudah ditunangkan “…kepada seorang yang bernama Yusuf dari keluarga Daud…” lihat? Di sini disebutkan lagi. “…dari keluarga Daud; dan nama perawan itu Maria.”
Nah, harus kita ingat bahwa Lukas
adalah seorang tabib. Maka Lukas tentunya sangat tahu yang namanya perawan itu
yang bagaimana. Dan dia menyatakan dengan sangat jelas dalam ayat-ayat ini,
dalam dua ayat ini, Lukas 1:26-27 bahwa Maria adalah seorang perawan ketika dia
mengandung Yesus Kristus.
Simak juga Lukas 1:34-35,
dikatakan, “Kata Maria kepada malaikat itu: ‘Bagaimana hal itu mungkin terjadi,
karena aku tidak pernah mengenal laki-laki?’…” dalam Kitab Suci “mengenal” artinya
menjalin hubungan seksual. “Aku tidak pernah mengenal laki-laki” artinya aku
belum pernah punya hubungan seksual, kata Maria. “…35 Jawab malaikat itu kepadanya:
‘Roh Kudus akan turun ke atasmu dan kuasa Allah Yang Mahatinggi akan menaungi
engkau; sebab itu Yang Kudus yang akan
kaulahirkan itu akan disebut Anak Allah.’” Sekali lagi kita mendapat tahu
bahwa Maria tidak pernah berhubungan seksual dengan seorang laki-laki sebelum
Yesus lahir.
Satu teks lagi yang mengatakan
bahwa Maria adalah seorang perawan hingga saat kelahiran Yesus ditemukan di
Matius 1:18 di mana kita mendapati kata-kata ini: “Kelahiran Yesus Kristus
adalah seperti berikut: Setelah Maria,
ibu-Nya, ditunangkan
kepada Yusuf, sebelum
mereka berhubungan
seksual, ia didapati mengandung dari Roh Kudus.” Sekali lagi, sebelum mereka
berhubungan seksual Maria telah mengandung Anak ini dalam rahimnya.
Now
a question which
comes up very frequently is whether Mary had children after Jesus was born,
whether Mary was a perpetual virgin and whether Joseph was a perpetual virgin.
Some people believe that Joseph never actually had sexual relations with Mary,
either before obviously, or after Jesus was born. Now, can that be
corroborated from the testimony of holy
Scripture? Well, let’s see what the Bible has to say.
Nah,
suatu pertanyaan yang sering muncul ialah apakah Maria memiliki anak-anak
setelah Yesus lahir, atau apakah Maria adalah seorang perawan selama-lamanya
dan apakah Yusuf juga adalah seorang jejaka selama-lamanya. Ada yang percaya
bahwa Yusuf tidak pernah punya hubungan seksual dengan Maria, baik sebelumnya,
itu jelas, atau setelah Yesus lahir. Nah, apakah hal ini bisa dikoraborasi dari
kesaksian Kitab Suci? Nah, marilah kita lihat apa yang dikatakan Alkitab.
Notice
Luke 2:7, and today we are just studying the biblical foundations, I am going
to go through everything that the Bible has to say about Mary, no stone unturned,
there are not any other references than the ones that we are going to take a
look at, so we want to know what the Bible has to say about Mary.
Luke
2:7, it says there, “And
she brought forth her firstborn son; and wrapped Him in swaddling cloths, and
laid Him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.” Notice that Jesus is called the what? The firstborn son. It
wouldn’t make any sense to say that He was “her firstborn son” unless she had
other children. In that case you would say “her only son”. But Jesus is called “her firstborn son”.
Notice
also Matthew 1:24-25. The idea is that Mary did not have any sexual relations
even after Jesus was born, in other words Mary was perpetually by a miracle of
God, a virgin. Notice Matthew 1:24-25 “Then Joseph, being aroused from
sleep, did as the angel of the Lord commanded him, and took to him his
wife…” and now notice this, “…25 and did
not know her, till she had brought forth her firstborn Son, and he called His
name Jesus.” He did not know her, he did not have
sexual relations with her until the birth of Jesus. It would be
senseless to say he did not know her UNTIL Jesus was born and to say that she
did not have sexual relations with Joseph after Jesus was born. In other word she was a
virgin UNTIL Jesus was born, according to this text.
Perhatikan
Lukas 2:7, dan hari ini kita hanya mempelajari fondasi alkitabiahnya, saya akan
membahas semua yang dikatakan Alkitab tentang Maria, tanpa melewatkan apa pun.
Tidak ada referensi lain kecuali itu yang akan kita teliti, kita mau tahu apa
yang dikatakan Alkitab tentang Maria.
Lukas
2:7, dikatakan di sana, “dan ia [Maria] melahirkan seorang anak laki-laki, anaknya yang sulung, lalu membungkusNya
dengan lampin dan membaringkanNya di dalam
palungan, karena tidak ada tempat bagi mereka di rumah penginapan.” Perhatikan Yesus disebut apa? Anak
sulung laki-laki. Tidak masuk akal mengatakan bahwa Yesus adalah “anaknya yang sulung” jika Maria tidak memiliki anak-anak yang
lain. Seandainya dia tidak memiliki
anak-anak yang lain, tentunya Yesus disebut “anaknya yang tunggal”.
Tetapi Yesus disebut “anaknya yang sulung”.
Perhatikan
juga Matius 1:24-25. [Berkaitan
dengan] Konsep bahwa Maria tidak
menjalin hubungan seksual bahkan setelah Yesus dilahirkan. Dengan kata lain
Maria tetap seorang perawan lewat mujizat Allah. Perhatikan Matius 1:24-25, “Sesudah dibangunkan dari tidurnya, Yusuf berbuat seperti yang
diperintahkan malaikat Tuhan itu kepadanya. Ia mengambil Maria sebagai
isterinya…” dan
sekarang perhatikan ini, “…25 tetapi tidak bersetubuh
dengan dia sampai ia [Maria] melahirkan anaknya laki-laki dan Yusuf menamakan
Dia Yesus.” Yusuf tidak
“mengenal” Maria, dia tidak mempunyai hubungan seksual dengan Maria sampai Yesus
dilahirkan. Tidak masuk akal mengatakan Yusuf tidak mempunyai hubungan seksual
dengan Maria SAMPAI Yesus dilahirkan dan bahwa
Maria tidak memiliki hubungan seksual dengan Yusuf setelah Yesus dilahirkan.
Dengan kata lain, Maria adalah
seorang perawan SAMPAI Yesus dilahirkan, menurut kutipan ini.
Notice
also Matthew 1:18, it says, “Now the birth of Jesus Christ was as
follows: after His mother Mary was betrothed to Joseph…” notice, “…before they came together she was found
with child of the Holy Spirit.”
“before they came together” it’s obvious that afterwards
they came together, or else you wouldn’t have to say “before they came together”.
Perhatikan
juga Matius 1:18, dikatakan, “Kelahiran Yesus Kristus
adalah seperti berikut: Setelah Maria,
ibu-Nya, ditunangkan
kepada Yusuf…” perhatikan, “…sebelum mereka berhubungan seksual, ia didapati mengandung dari Roh Kudus
“…sebelum mereka berhubungan seksual” jelas
berarti bahwa SETELAH ITU, mereka
berhubungan seksual, kalau tidak, tidak perlu dikatakan “…SEBELUM mereka berhubungan seksual”.
Also
if you examine Psalm 69 which is a Messianic prophecy, let me just give you a
couple of references that indicate this, you have for example in verse 9 “zeal of your House has eaten Me up”, Jesus quoted that verse when He was referring to cleansing the
temple; in verse 21 you have the reference “gall for food and
vinegar to drink” which is what was given to
Jesus as He hung on the cross.
Juga jika kita memeriksa Mazmur 69 yang adalah
nubuatan Mesianik, izinkan saya memberikan dua referensi yang menunjukkan
demikian: misalnya di ayat 9, “sebab cinta untuk rumah-Mu telah membuat Aku murka” Yesus mengutip ayat itu ketika Dia mengacu
kepada pembersihan Bait Suci; di ayat 21 ada referensi “yang
pahit sebagai makanan dan … cuka sebagai minuman.” yaitu apa yang diberikan kepada Yesus
saat Dia tergantung di salib.
Now,
notice what we find in verse 8, here the Desire is speaking, Jesus is speaking,
and He says, “I
have become a stranger to my brothers and an alien to my mother's children.” Did you catch that point?
“I have become an alien to my mother’s children”, of course the mother
of the Messiah was Mary, it seems to indicate that Mary the mother of Jesus
had other children.
Sekarang,
perhatikan apa yang kita temukan di ayat 8, di sini Yang Dirindukan sedang
berbicara, Yesus sedang berbicara, dan Dia berkata, “Aku telah menjadi orang yang tak dikenal bagi saudara-saudaraku, dan orang asing bagi anak-anak
ibuku.” Apakah kalian
menangkap poin ini? “Aku telah menjadi …orang asing bagi anak-anak ibuku”.
Tentu saja ibu Sang Mesias adalah Maria. Maka ini sepertinya
menunjukkan bahwa Maria ibu Yesus mempunyai anak-anak yang lain.
Now
you are probably wondering what about the sons, or rather the brothers and
sisters of Jesus? Well, let me read that passage it’s found in Matthew
13:55-56, the people marveled at the knowledge of Jesus and we find these
words: "Is this not the carpenter's
son? Is not His mother called Mary, and His brothers, James, Joseph, Simon and
Judas? 56 And His sisters, are they not all with us? Where then did this man get all these things?"
So
you’ll notice here that Scripture says that Jesus had brothers and sisters. The
most likely explanation to this, however, is, that the brothers and sisters
which are mentioned in the gospels are actually sons and daughters of Joseph
from a previous marriage. It becomes obvious that Joseph was a lot older than
Mary was, she was a very young maiden according to Scripture. You know, you see
for example from gospels that the brothers and sisters of Jesus were constantly
wanting to lord it over Him, that’s something that older brothers and sisters
would do to a younger sibling.
Sekarang mungkin kalian bertanya-tanya bagaimana
dengan anak-anak laki-laki, atau lebih tepat saudara laki-laki dan saudara
perempuan Yesus? Nah, izinkan saya membacakan teks yang terdapat di Matius
13:55-56, bagaimana orang-orang terkagum-kagum pada pengetahuan Yesus, dan kita
mendapatkan kata-kata ini: “Bukankah Ia ini anak tukang
kayu? Bukankah ibu-Nya bernama Maria dan saudara-saudara-Nya: Yakobus, Yusuf,
Simon dan Yudas? 56 Dan bukankah saudara-saudara-Nya perempuan
semuanya ada bersama kita? Jadi dari mana diperoleh-Nya semuanya itu?”
Jadi, di sini kalian melihat Kitab Suci berkata
bahwa Yesus memiliki saudara-saudara laki-laki dan perempuan. Penjelasan yang
paling mungkin dari hal ini ialah, saudara-saudara laki-laki dan perempuan yang
disebutkan di kitab-kitab Injil sesungguhnya adalah anak-anak laki-laki dan
perempuan Yusuf dari pernikahan yang terdahulu. Jelas Yusuf itu jauh lebih tua
daripada Maria, Maria adalah seorang gadis yang sangat muda menurut Kitab Suci.
Kalian tahu, misalnya kita melihat dari kitab-kitab Injil bagaimana
saudara-saudara laki-laki dan perempuan Yesus selalu mau mengaturNya, itu yang
biasa dilakukan oleh saudara-saudara yang lebih tua terhadap yang lebih muda.
But
some people say, “Well, no, actually the expression ‘brothers and sisters’ is a
different way of saying ‘cousins’. They were cousins of Jesus.”
Well, the fact is that the Greek language
has a very definite word for cousins, it’s the word ἀνέψιος [anepsios] for example it’s used in Colossians 4:10 where we are
told that Mark was the cousin of Barnabas. So, if the gospel writers had wanted
to say that these individuals were actually cousins of Jesus, he could have
used, or they could have used the word “cousins” because it existed.
Tetapi ada
yang berkata, “Oh, tidak, sebenarnya istilah “saudara-saudara laki-laki dan
perempuan” adalah kata lain untuk mengungkapkan “saudara sepupu”, mereka itu
adalah saudara-saudara sepupu Yesus.”
Nah,
faktanya dalam bahasa Greeka ada kata khusus untuk saudara sepupu, yaitu ἀνέψιος
[anepsios] misalnya seperti yang dipakai di Kolose 4:10 di mana
dikatakan Markus adalah saudara sepupu Barnabas. Jadi jika penulis-penulis
kitab-kitab Injil mau mengatakan bahwa orang-orang tersebut adalah
saudara-saudara sepupu Yesus, dia atau mereka bisa memakai kata “saudara
sepupu” karena kata itu ada.
Allow me to read you once again a statement
from this classic biography of Jesus, The
Desire of Ages pg 90. “She…” Mary, “…looked upon the associations of
the home, and the mother's tender watchcare over her children, as of vital
importance in the formation of character…” and then she says this, “…The sons and daughters of Joseph
knew this, and by appealing to her anxiety, they tried to correct the practices
of Jesus according to their standard.”
So very clearly, according to the author of
The Desire of Ages, it says, “…The sons and daughters of Joseph knew this…” and so the brothers and sisters of Jesus in
the gospels most likely are a reference to the sons and daughters of Joseph
before Joseph actually married Mary.
Izinkan saya membacakan sekali lagi
suatu pernyataan dari biografi klasik Yesus, The
Desire of Ages hal. 90. “Dia…” yaitu Maria, “…menganggap pengaruh rumah tangga, dan
bimbingan seorang ibu yang lemah lembut pada anak-anaknya, sangat penting dalam
pembentukan karakter…” lalu Ellen
White berkata demikian, “…Putra-putri Yusuf mengetahui hal ini, dan dengan memanfaatkan rasa khawatir [ibu]nya ini,
mereka berusaha mengubah apa yang dilakukan Yesus sesuai standar mereka.”
Jadi sangat jelas, menurut penulis The Desire of Ages dikatakan, “…Putra-putri Yusuf mengetahui hal ini…” maka, saudara-saudara Yesus yang disebutkan dalam
kitab-kitab Injil kemungkinan besar mengacu kepada putra-putri Yusuf sebelum
Yusuf menikah dengan Maria.
Now, a question that always comes up when
you deal with Mary, is whether Mary was the mother of God. You say that sounds
almost blasphemous. Now, in the strictest sense of the word, Mary was not
the mother of God because we know from Scripture that Jesus actually preexisted
Mary. In fact we find in John 17:5 in the prayer of Jesus to His Father,
He says this, "Now, Father, glorify Me together with Yourself,
with the glory which I had with You before the world was.” Obviously Jesus preexisted the creation of
the world according to that text.
Jesus also said in John 8:58 “Verily,
verily, I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am.”
John 1:1-3
“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word
was with God, and the Word was God. 2 He was in the beginning with
God. 3 All things were created through Him…” In other words,
Jesus very clearly according to Scripture preexisted Mary. So could we really
call Mary the mother of God in the strictest sense? Absolutely not.
But there is a
sense in which we could call Mary the mother of God and that is in the sense
that the human nature of Jesus was joined with His divine nature, and the human
and divine Child was born from Mary into this world. In that sense you could
say that Mary brought the God-Man into the world, the God-Man was born from
Mary.
But in the
strictest sense of the word we could not say that Mary was the mother of God
because Jesus existed as God previous to the incarnation.
Nah, satu
pertanyaan yang selalu muncul bila kita bicara tentang Maria ialah apakah Maria
itu ibu Tuhan. Kalian berkata itu kedengarannya seperti suatu hujatan. Nah, dalam arti kata yang sempit,
Maria bukan ibu Tuhan, karena kita tahu dari Kitab Suci bahwa Yesus
sesungguhnya sudah ada sebelum Maria. Bahkan kita dapati di
Yohanes 17:5 dalam doa Yesus kepada Allah Bapa, Dia berkata demikian, “Oleh sebab itu, ya Bapa, muliakanlah Aku bersama Diri-Mu
sendiri dengan kemuliaan yang Kumiliki bersama-Mu
sebelum dunia ada.” Jelas Yesus sudah ada sebelum dunia diciptakan menurut
ayat ini.
Yesus juga
berkata di Yohanes 8:58, “…Sungguh-sungguh
Aku berkata kepadamu, sebelum Abraham ada,
Aku [selalu]
ada."
Yohanes
1:1-3, “Pada
mulanya adalah Firman; Firman itu bersama-sama dengan Allah dan Firman itu
adalah Allah 2 Ia pada mulanya bersama-sama dengan
Allah. 3 Segala sesuatu
dijadikan melalui Dia…”
Dengan kata
lain menurut Kitab Suci sangat jelas Yesus sudah ada sebelum Maria. Jadi,
bisakah kita menyebut Maria sebagai ibu Tuhan dalam arti yang sempit? Sama
sekali tidak. Tetapi kita bisa menyebut Maria sebagai ibu Tuhan dan itu adalah
dalam arti kodrat kemanusiaan Yesus terikat dengan kodrat ilahiNya, dan Anak
manusia-ilahi ini dilahirkan oleh Maria ke dalam dunia ini. Dalam pemahaman
itu, kita bisa mengatakan bahwa Maria yang membawa Manusia-Ilahi ini ke dalam
dunia, Manusia-Ilahi ini lahir dari Maria. Tetapi dalam arti yang sempit kita
tidak bisa mengatakan bahwa Maria adalah ibu Tuhan karena Yesus sudah ada lebih
dahulu sebagai Allah sebelum menjelma sebagai manusia.
In fact I’d
like to read you a very interesting statement that we find in the devotional
book Lift Him Up. It says there, “Was the
human nature of the Son of Mary changed into the divine nature of the Son of
God? No. The two natures were mysteriously
blended in one Person, the Man, Christ Jesus."
So Mary did bring the God-Man into this
world, but the divinity of Jesus preexisted His humanity before His
incarnation.
Sesungguhnya
saya ingin membacakan suatu pernyataan yang sangat menarik yang kita temukan
dalam buku devosi Lift Him Up. Dikatakan di
sana, “Apakah kodrat kemanusiaan Anak Maria
berubah menjadi kodrat ilahi Anak Allah? Tidak. Kedua
kodrat itu menyatu secara misterius dalam satu Orang, Manusia Kristus Yesus.”
Jadi memang benar
Maria yang menghadirkan Manusia-Ilahi ini ke dalam dunia, tetapi keilahian
Yesus sudah ada sebelum kemanusiaanNya, sebelum penjelmaanNya.
Now, let’s notice some characteristics
about Mary.
First of all Mary was a very humble and obedient
person. Notice Luke 1:38, when the angel says “you’ve been chosen to
bring the Messiah into the world”, notice what we find, “Then Mary said, ‘Behold, the maid servant
of the Lord; let it be to me according to your word.’…” in other words, “I am willing”. And
lest anybody think that this was an easy thing, you need to remember that many
people did not believe that what was conceived in the womb of Mary was actually
the Son of God. They believed that Joseph and Mary had had sexual relations
actually before marriage and so Mary would have to live all of her life with
this stigma upon her of having been unfaithful and having committed sexual
improprieties before Jesus was actually conceived, before she actually married
Joseph.
Sekarang,
mari kita perhatikan beberapa karakteristik Maria.
Pertama, Maria adalah sosok yang sangat
rendah hati dan penurut. Perhatikan Lukas 1:38 ketika malaikat
itu berkata, “Kamu telah dipilih untuk membawa Sang Mesias ke dunia”,
perhatikan apa yang kita temukan, “Kata Maria: ‘Lihatlah,
hamba Tuhan ini; jadilah padaku menurut
perkataanmu itu.’…” Dengan kata lain, “Saya bersedia.” Dan seandainya ada
yang berpikir bahwa ini adalah hal yang mudah, kalian perlu mengingat bahwa
banyak orang tidak percaya yang dikandung dalam rahim Maria benar-benar Anak
Allah. Mereka percaya bahwa Yusuf dan Maria sudah berhubungan seks sebelum
menikah dan seumur hidupnya Maria harus memikul stigma ini bahwa dia pernah
tidak setia dan telah melakukan perbuatan seksual yang tidak pantas sebelum Yesus
dibuahi, sebelum dia benar-benar menikah dengan Yusuf.
Now, I’d like to mention also that Mary
besides being obedient and humble, Mary was also very poor. And we know this
because when Jesus was brought to be dedicated to the temple, they were not able,
Joseph and Mary were not able to bring the normal lamb which was required for
the dedication service. I’d like to read Luke 2:23-24 where the law of
Leviticus 12:6-8 is referred to, about what needed to be brought at the
dedication. It says there in Luke 2:22 “Now when the days of her purification
according to the law of Moses were completed, they brought Him to Jerusalem, to
present Him to the Lord; 23 As it is written in the law of the LORD,
‘Every
male who opens the womb shall be called holy to the Lord’; 24
And to offer a sacrifice according to that is said in the law of the Lord, a
pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.”
If you go back to Leviticus you’ll discover
that those who were not able to afford a lamb, could actually bring a pair of
turtledoves or two young pigeons.
Sekarang
saya ingin mengatakan bahwa selain penurut dan rendah hati, Maria juga sangat miskin.
Dan ini kita ketahui karena ketika Yesus dibawa untuk didedikasikan ke Bait
Suci, mereka tidak mampu, Yusuf dan Maria tidak mampu membawa domba yang
biasanya diminta untuk upacara penyerahan tersebut. Saya ingin membacakan Lukas
2:23-24 yang mengacu pada hukum Imamat 12:6-8, tentang apa yang perlu dibawa
untuk upacara penyerahan itu. Dikatakan di sini di Lukas 2:22, “Dan ketika genap waktu pentahirannya, menurut
hukum Taurat Musa, mereka membawa Dia ke Yerusalem untuk menyerahkan-Nya kepada
Tuhan, 23 seperti ada tertulis dalam hukum Tuhan: ‘Semua anak laki-laki
yang membuka rahim harus dikuduskan bagi
Allah’, 24 dan untuk mempersembahkan korban menurut apa yang
difirmankan dalam hukum Tuhan, yaitu sepasang burung tekukur atau dua ekor anak
burung merpati.”
Jika kita
kembali ke Imamat, kita akan melihat bahwa
mereka yang tidak mampu membawa seekor domba boleh membawa sepasang burung
tekukur atau dua anak burung merpati.”
Another interesting characteristic about
Mary is that Mary was blessed. I want to underline that the Bible does not
say that Mary was the blessor. Scripture says that Mary was blessed. Notice
Luke 1:48-49 “For He has had
regard the lowly state of His maid servant; for behold, henceforth all
generations will call me blessed. 49 For He who is mighty has done great things for me; And holy
is His name.”
Obviously it would be a great blessing to
have the privilege of bringing the Messiah into the world. And so the text
tells us that clearly Mary was greatly blessed by the Lord.
Karakteristik
yang lain tentang Maria ialah Maria
itu diberkati. Saya mau menggarisbawahi bahwa Alkitab tidak
mengatakan Maria yang memberkati. Kitab Suci berkata bahwa Maria diberkati.
Perhatikan Lukas 1:48-49, “sebab
Ia telah memperhatikan kerendahan hamba-Nya. Karena
lihatlah, mulai dari sekarang semua
generasi akan menyebut aku diberkati,
49 karena Yang Mahakuasa telah melakukan perbuatan-perbuatan besar bagiku dan kuduslah
nama-Nya.”
Jelas itu
adalah berkat yang besar mendapat kehormatan membawa Sang Mesias ke dalam
dunia. Maka ayat berikutnya mengatakan kepada kita bahwa Maria itu sangat
diberkati Tuhan.
Notice also verse 42 of Luke 1, it
says “And
she spoke out with a loud voice, and said…” this is Elizabeth, “…‘Blessed are you among women, and blessed
is the fruit of your womb’.” Notice that we are not told here, “Blessed
are you above women” it says “…‘Blessed
are you among women’” And
for those who think this is some peculiar
special way of addressing Mary because she was out of the ordinary, this
expression is used more than one time in the Old Testament. Notice for example
Genesis 30:13, this is speaking about the birth of Asher from Leah and Jacob,
and you’ll notice what Leah says. She says,
“Then Leah said, ‘I am happy! For the
daughters will call me blessed.’…” The identical expression that we find in Luke 1, “the daughters
will call me blessed.”
You’ll notice that Scripture does not say that Mary was
the fountain of blessings, she was not the giver of blessings, she was
actually blessed by God so that she could bring the Messiah into the world.
Perhatikan
juga ayat 42 Lukas 1, dikatakan, “lalu ia berseru
dengan suara nyaring dan berkata…” ini Elizabet,
“…‘Diberkatilah engkau di antara semua perempuan dan diberkatilah buah
rahimmu.” Perhatikan kita tidak diberitahu di sini, “Diberkatilah engkau di atas semua perempuan”, tetapi dikatakan, “Diberkatilah engkau di antara semua perempuan” Dan bagi mereka
yang menganggap bahwa cara menyapa Maria ini adalah sesuatu yang istimewa dan
lain daripada yang lain karena Maria itu luar biasa, ketahuilah bahwa ungkapan
ini dipakai lebih dari satu kali dalam Perjanjian Lama. Perhatikan contohnya di
Kejadian 30:13, ini berbicara tentang kelahiran Asyer dari Lea dan Yakub, dan
kita melihat apa kata Lea, dia berkata, “Berkatalah
Lea: ‘Aku bersukacita! Karena perempuan-perempuan akan menyebut aku diberkati." Ungkapan yang sama
seperti yang kita temukan di Lukas 1,“perempuan-perempuan
akan menyebut aku diberkati."
Kalian akan
melihat bahwa Kitab Suci tidak
mengatakan Maria merupakan sumber berkat, dia bukanlah pemberi berkat,
yang benar dia yang diberkati oleh Allah supaya dia bisa membawa Sang Mesias ke
dalam dunia.
Another very clear characteristic of Mary
in the story about the birth of Jesus is the fact that Mary is a sinner in need of redemption,
in need of a redeemer. In fact we are told in Romans 3:23 that “…All have sinned and come short of the
glory of God.”
Now Scripture makes it very clear there is
one exception to this. In fact in Hebrews 4:15 we find these words that Jesus
was tempted in all things such as we are, yet without sin.
So if you read the Bible, if you read the
New Testament particularly you are going to discover that there is only one who
is excepted from sin and that is Jesus Christ.
I want you to notice Luke 1:46-47 where we
are told very clearly that Mary needed a redeemer, she needed a savior. It says
there, “And Mary said, ‘My soul magnifies the Lord,
47 And my spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior.” Notice that she rejoiced in God her Savior,
Mary needed a Savior because “all
have sinned and come short of the glory of God.”
Satu lagi
karakteristik Maria yang jelas dalam kisah kelahiran Yesus adalah faktanya dia [Maria] adalah seorang yang
berdosa yang memerlukan penebusan, memerlukan seorang Penebus.
Malah di Roma 3:23 kita diberitahu bahwa “…semua
orang telah berbuat dosa dan gagal mencapai kemuliaan Allah”
Nah, Kitab
Suci sangat jelas mengatakan bahwa ada satu perkecualian untuk ini. Faktanya di
Ibrani 4:15 kita menemukan kata-kata bahwa Yesus telah dicobai dalam segala hal
sama seperti kita, namun Dia tidak berbuat dosa. Jadi jika kita membaca
Alkitab, jika kita membaca Perjanjiann Baru khususnya kita akan menemukan bahwa
hanya ada satu yang dikecualikan
dari dosa dan itu adalah Yesus Kristus.
Saya mau
kalian perhatikan Lukas 1:46-47 di mana kita diberitahu dengan jelas bahwa
Maria membutuhkan seorang Penebus, dia membutuhkan seorang Juruselamat.
Dikatakan di sana, “Lalu
kata Maria: "Jiwaku memuliakan Tuhan, 47 dan hatiku bersukacita dalam
Allah, Juruselamatku.” Perhatikan, Maria bersukacita dalam Allah,
Juruselamatnya. Maria membutuhkan seorang Juruselamat karena “…semua orang telah berbuat dosa dan gagal mencapai
kemuliaan Allah”
I’d like to read another statement from the
book The Desire of Ages pg. 147 where we
have a reference to this need that Mary had of a redeemer. The author of this
biography says, “Mary could find salvation
only through the Lamb of God. In herself she possessed no merit. Her connection
with Jesus placed her in no different spiritual relation to Him from that of
any other human soul. This is indicated in the Saviour's words. He makes clear
the distinction between His relation to her as the Son of man and as the Son of
God. The tie of kinship between them in no way placed her on an equality with
Him.”
In other words, Mary was one with the lot
of humanity, she needed a Savior to save her from sin, according to the
testimony of Scripture.
Saya ingin membacakan pernyataan lain
dari buku The Desire of Ages hal. 147 di
mana kita dapati acuan kepada kebutuhan ini, bahwa Maria memerlukan seorang
Penebus. Penulis biografi ini mengatakan, “Maria hanya dapat menemukan keselamatan
melalui Anak Domba Allah. Dari dirinya sendiri dia tidak memiliki jasa apa pun.
Hubungan [kekeluargaan]nya dengan Yesus tidak membuatnya memiliki hubungan
spiritual denganNya yang berbeda dari manusia lain mana pun. Ini terbukti dalam kata-kata Sang
Juruselamat. Dia menyatakan dengan jelas perbedaan antara hubunganNya dengan
Maria sebagai Anak Manusia dan sebagai Anak Allah. Ikatan kekeluargaan antara
mereka sama sekali tidak menempatkan Maria pada posisi yang sejajar dengan Dia
[=Yesus].”
Dengan kata lain, Maria berada di posisi
yang sama dengan manusia yang lain, menurut kesaksian Kitab Suci, dia
membutuhkan seorang Juruselamat untuk menyelamatkannya dari dosanya.
Not only according to the gospels was Mary
greatly blessed, but we also find that Mary was highly favored by God. Notice
what we find in Luke 1:28 and we are using the NKJV. It says, “And having come
in, he said to her…” the angel, “…’Rejoice, highly favored one! The Lord is with you. Blessed are you among
women’." Notice here Mary is called “highly favored
one”.
Now there is one version of the Bible that
gives a different translation and that is the Douay version of the Roman
Catholic church. It actually is a translation that is based on the Latin
Vulgate which was translated by Jerome, very much around the year 300-325
approximately. And the Latin Vulgate translates instead of “highly favored one” it translates “gracia plena” which means “Mary full of grace”. And the idea is that Mary is full of grace and
therefore she is a dispensary of grace. In other words, she is full of grace
and therefore she can pour out, or she can give grace to the people that come
to her after her asunción into
heaven, supposedly.
Bukan saja
menurut kitab-kitab Injil Maria itu sangat diberkati, tetapi kita juga
mendapati bahwa Maria itu sangat
disayangi Allah. Perhatikan apa yang kita temui di Lukas 1:28
dan kita memakai NKJV. Dikatakan, “Dan setelah dia
masuk, dia berkata kepada Maria…” malaikat itu, “…‘Bersukacitalah,
engkau yang sangat disayangi! Tuhan menyertai engkau. Diberkatilah engkau di antara para perempuan.’"
Perhatikan
di sini Maria disebut sebagai “yang sangat disayangi”.
Nah, ada
satu versi Alkitab yang membuat terjemahan yang berbeda dan itu adalah versi
Douay milik gereja Roma Katolik. Sebenarnya terjemahan ini berdasarkan Vulgata
berbahasa Latin yang diterjemahkan oleh Jerome, sekitar tahun 300-325. Dan
Vulgata Latin itu menerjemahkan bukan “yang sangat disayangi” melainkan “gracia plena”
yang berarti “Maria penuh karunia.” Konsep mereka ialah Maria ini penuh karunia dan dengan
demikian dia menjadi pembagi karunia. Dengan kata lain, Maria itu penuh karunia
sehingga dia bisa mencurahkan, atau dia bisa memberikan karunia kepada
orang-orang yang datang kepadanya konon setelah kenaikannya ke Surga.
Now, Luke 1:30 underlines the fact that she
found grace in the eyes of the Lord, she found favors, she doesn’t give
favors. Luke 1:30 says, “Then the angel said to her, ‘Do not be
afraid, Mary; for you have found favor with God’.” Notice once again she is the one who has
found favor. She is not actually imparting or giving favors. In actual fact the
Bible makes it very clear that there is only One who is full of grace and that is Jesus
Christ. Notice John 1:14, it
says, “And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among
us, and we beheld His glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,
full of grace and truth.” Who
is the one full of grace? It’s Jesus who is full of grace! Mary is
highly favored, she has received grace from the Lord, but Scripture never says
that she is the dispensary of grace.
Nah, Lukas
1:30 menekankan fakta bahwa Maria yang mendapatkan kasih karunia di mata Tuhan,
dia disayangi, bukan dia yang memberikan karunia. Lukas 1:30 berkata, “Lalu kata malaikat
itu kepadanya: ‘Jangan takut, hai Maria, sebab engkau beroleh kasih karunia di
hadapan Allah.’”
Perhatikan
sekali lagi Maria lah yang diperkenan Tuhan. Bukan dia yang membagikan karunia.
Justru Alkitab membuatnya sangat jelas bahwa hanya ada Satu yang penuh karunia dan itu adalah Yesus
Kristus. Perhatian Yohanes 1:14, dikatakan, “Firman itu telah menjadi daging dan diam di antara kita, dan kita telah melihat kemuliaan-Nya,
yaitu kemuliaan sebagai satu-satunya yang
berasal dari Bapa, penuh kasih karunia dan kebenaran.”
Siapa yang
penuh kasih karunia? Yesus
yang penuh kasih karunia! Maria sangat disayangi, dia menerima
kasih karunia dari Tuhan, tetapi Kitab Suci tidak pernah mengatakan bahwa Maria
adalah pemberi kasih karunia.
Another interesting characteristic about
Mary is that Mary knew her Bible, she knew the Old Testament Scripture.
You say “How do we know that?”
Notice Matthew 13:54-55, we read these text
before but let’s read them in the new context now. It says, “And when He had
come to His own country…” that is Jesus, “…He taught them in their synagogue, so that they were
astonished, and said, ‘Where did
this man get this wisdom and these mighty works? 55 Is
this not the carpenter's son? Is not His mother called Mary, and His brothers,
James, Joseph, Simon and Judas? 56 And
His sisters, are they not all with us? Where did this man get
all these things?"
It becomes very obvious that Mary had
homeschooled Jesus, Mary had reviewed the Old Testament Scriptures with Jesus.
She felt that the greatest job to which a mother could aspire was to bring up
her children in fear of the Lord. You can imagine Jesus sitting on the knee of
Mary as Mary reviewed the stories of the Old Testament which pointed to the
Messiah. You know, you’ve heard about
the Magnificat this is where
Mary actually extolls and praises God
for having chosen her to be the mother of the Messiah. It’s found in Luke
1:46-51. You know, as you read the Magnificat,
it’s actually a collection of quotations from the Old Testament, and Mary is
the one who is singing the song. Do you know that she actually has Bible texts
from 1 Samuel, several from the Psalms, and also even reference from the book
of Job, so we find very clearly that Mary had a very good knowledge of the Old
Testament and she shared this knowledge with Jesus. And of course we are going
to come in a few moments to the visit of Jesus to the temple, Jesus were
actually teaching the rabbis a few things that they didn’t know. And He was
teaching them from the Old Testament Scriptures. Obviously He had heard many of
these teachings from Mary, His mother.
Karakteristik lain tentang Maria yang menarik adalah dia sangat mengenal Alkitabnya,
dia tahu isi Kitab Suci Perjanjian Lama.
Kalian bertanya, “Dari mana kita tahu itu?”
Perhatikan Matius 13:54-55, kita tadi sudah membaca
ayat-aat ini tetapi mari kita baca lagi dengan konteks yang baru. Dikatakan, “Setibanya di negara
asal-Nya…” yaitu Yesus, “…Yesus mengajar orang-orang di situ di rumah
ibadat mereka. Maka takjublah mereka dan berkata: ‘Dari mana diperoleh-Nya
hikmat itu dan kuasa untuk mengadakan mujizat-mujizat itu? 55 Bukankah Ia ini anak tukang
kayu? Bukankah ibu-Nya bernama Maria dan saudara-saudara-Nya: Yakobus, Yusuf,
Simon dan Yudas? 56 Dan
bukankah saudara-saudara-Nya perempuan semuanya ada bersama kita? Jadi dari
mana diperoleh-Nya semuanya itu?’"
Sangat jelas Maria telah mengajar Yesus sendiri di rumah,
Maria telah mengulang Kitab Suci Perjanjian Lama bersama Yesus. Maria merasa
bahwa tugas terbesar yang bisa dilakukan seorang ibu adalah membimbing
anak-anaknya dalam takut akan Tuhan. Kita bisa membayangkan Yesus duduk di
pangkuan Maria sementara Maria mengulang cerita-cerita Perjanjian Lama yang
menunjuk kepada Sang Mesias. Kalian tentunya pernah mendengar tentang Magnificat, ini ialah di mana Maria meninggikan dan memuji Allah yang telah
memilihnya menjadi ibu Sang Mesias. Ini terdapat di Lukas 1:46-51. Kalian tahu,
jika kita membaca Magnificat sesungguhnya itu kumpulan ayat-ayat dari
Perjanjian Lama, dan Maria-lah yang menyanyikan lagu itu. Tahukah kalian dia
mengambil ayat-ayat Alkitab dari 1 Samuel, beberapa dari Mazmur, dan bahkan
juga dari kitab Ayub. Jadi sangat jelas Maria memiliki pengetahuan yang sangat
baik tentang Perjanjian Lama dan dia membagikan pengetahuan ini kepada Yesus.
Dan tentu saja nanti kita akan tiba pada kunjungan Yesus ke Bait Suci di mana
Yesus sungguh-sungguh mengajar para rabi tentang beberapa hal yang tidak mereka
ketahui. Dan Yesus mengajar mereka dari Kitab Suci Perjanjian Lama. Sudah pasti
Dia telah mendengar banyak ajaran itu dari Maria ibunya.
Now, as you look at the story about the
birth of Jesus you discover that Jesus is the central of attraction. Never is Mary
the central of attraction. For example I just mentioned these texts in Matthew
1:11 we are told that when the wisemen came in they bowed and worshiped Jesus.
We find in Luke 2:17-18 that when the shepherds came in, they marveled at the
Child, and when they left the place they publicized about the Child far and
wide. Nothing about exalting Mary in the minds of the shepherds. Also Joseph
and Mary according to Luke 2:33 says that they marveled at what Simeon said
about Jesus. You can read these nativity scenes in the gospels and you will
discover that always Jesus is the center of attraction. Never are Mary and
Joseph the center of attraction.
Now something that Simeon said to Mary was
very very important when they took Jesus to dedicate Him at the temple. In Luke
2:35, Simeon says to her, “Yes,
a sword will pierce through your soul also.” Do you know that Mary suffered along with Jesus all throughout the ministry of Jesus
culminating with the death of Jesus on the cross? We could not deny that Mary
suffered along with Jesus. We are going to study a little bit later on in this series that some people believe that Mary was
actually co-redemptrix with Jesus,
co-redeemer, because she experienced suffering and agony as Jesus suffered and
agonized. Now we can’t deny that there were suffering of Mary along with Jesus
but does this raise Mary to the level of co-redemptrix
with Jesus, we’ll have to deal with that later.
What was it that Simeon was meaning when
he said that a sword would pierce the soul of Mary? He was actually referring
to the crucifixion of Christ.
You say, “How do we know that?”
Because he was really quoting a prophecy
from Zechariah 13:7 where it says, “Awake, O sword,
against My Shepherd, and against the Man who is My Companion, says the LORD of
hosts: strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered…”
Nah, saat
kita meneliti kisah kelahiran Yesus, kita akan melihat Yesus-lah yang menjadi pusat perhatian. Tidak pernah
Maria yang menjadi pusat perhatian. Misalnya, saya baru saja menyinggung tentang
ayat-ayat di Matius 1:11, kita diberitahu bahwa ketika para orang majus datang,
mereka sujud dan menyembah Yesus. Kita dapati di Lukas 2:17-18 ketika para
gembala datang, mereka mengagumi si Anak, dan ketika mereka pergi, mereka
menyiarkan berita tentang Anak itu ke mana-mana. Dalam pikiran para gembala itu
sama sekali tidak ada niat untuk meninggikan Maria. Juga Yusuf dan Maria
menurut Lukas 2:33 berkata bahwa mereka mengagumi apa yang dikatakan Simeon
tentang Yesus. Kalian bisa membaca adegan-adegan kelahiran Yesus ini dalam
kitab-kitab Injil dan kita akan mendapati Yesus selalu menjadi pusat perhatian,
tidak pernah Maria dan Yusuf yang menjadi pusat perhatian.
Nah, sesuatu
yang dikatakan Simeon kepada Maria ketika mereka membawa Yesus untuk
menyerahkan Dia di Bait Suci, itu sangat sangat penting. Di Lukas 2:35 Simeon
berkata kepada Maria, “Ya, sebuah pedang akan menembus jiwamu juga…” Tahukah kalian Maria menderita bersama-sama dengan Yesus
sepanjang perjalanan pelayananNya dan memuncak saat kematian Yesus di salib?
Kita tidak menyangkal bahwa Maria menderita bersama-sama Yesus. Dalam serie ini
nanti kita akan mempelajari bahwa ada yang meyakini Maria sesungguhnya adalah
seorang co-redemptrix [=
penebus pembantu] bersama Yesus, seorang yang sama-sama menjadi penebus, karena Maria mengalami penderitaan dan
nestapa sebagaimana Yesus menderita dan bersedih hati. Nah, kita tidak bisa
mengingkari bahwa memang ada penderitaan Maria bersama-sama dengan Yesus,
tetapi ini tidak mengangkat Maria ke tingkat co-redemptrix bersama Yesus, ini nanti akan kita bicarakan.
Apa yang
dimaksudkan Simeon saat dia berkata bahwa sebuah pedang akan menembus jiwa
Maria? Sebenarnya dia sedang mengacu kepada peristiwa penyaliban Kristus.
Kalian
berkata, “Dari mana kita tahu itu?”
Karena
Simeon sedang mengutip nubuatan dari kitab Zakharia 13:7 di mana dikatakan, "Hai pedang, bangkitlah terhadap
Gembala-Ku, terhadap Orang yang adalah Pendamping-Ku!", demikianlah firman TUHAN semesta alam.
‘Pukullah si gembala, maka
domba-dombanya akan tercerai-berai!...”
So we’ve examined the nativity scenes, the
scenes that speak about the birth of Jesus, and we’ve noticed several
characteristics about Mary, the mother of Jesus.
Now we must move on to the moment that
Jesus was taken to the temple for His Bar Mitzvah, in other words He is
actually going to be a man, and He is taken to Jerusalem probably for the first
time at the period of the Passover. And as He goes to the Passover and as He
watches the ceremonies which take place in the temple, He is profoundly
impacted. Everything in the temple service seems to speak about His life, about
His mission, about His origin and about His destiny.
I’d like to read this passage it’s a rather
extensive passage, and as we go along I would like to make a few comments about
this visit of Jesus to the temple. Luke 2, and beginning with verse 43, at this
time remember Jesus is 12 years old. It says in verse 43,
“And when they had finished the days, as they returned…” they had been in Jerusalem, “…as they
returned, the boy Jesus lingered behind in
Jerusalem; and Joseph and His mother…” I want you to
notice that at this point Joseph was still what? Joseph was still alive. It
says, “…Joseph and
His mother did not know it…” I find it very
interesting that it doesn’t say “His parents”, it doesn’t say “Joseph His
father and Mary His mother”, it says “Joseph and His mother”. This seems to
indicate that Mary is His mother but Joseph is what? Joseph is not His father.
It continues saying, verse 44 “… 44 But supposing Him to have been in the
company…” they kind of
neglected Him, “…they
went a day's journey; and sought Him among their relatives and acquaintances. 45
So when they did not find Him, they returned to Jerusalem, seeking Him…” can you imagine the agony and the
heart of Mary and in the heart of Joseph at Jesus being lost? Now, notice how
long He was lost. It continues saying, let’s read once again verse 45, “…So when they
did not find Him, they returned to Jerusalem seeking Him. 46
Now, so it was after three days…” how long did the
agony last? “…three days,
they found Him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, both
listening to them, and asking them questions…” Interesting. “…47 And
all who heard Him were astonished at His understanding and answers…” it seems to say
that He asked them questions and then He kind of stumped them, they weren’t
able to give Him the answers and so He answered His own questions. Interesting
that this 12 year old Child was teaching the PhD’s in the temple. Where did He
get this knowledge from? He got it from God, but He also got it through His
mother, who taught Him the Scriptures of the Old Testament. And then in verse
48, we find these words, “…48 So when they saw Him, they were amazed:
and His mother said unto Him, ‘Son, why have You done this to us?’…” well, they were the ones that had
neglected Him, “… look, Your father and I have sought You
anxiously.’…” Notice, she
says, “I and your father”, now here’s the answer of Jesus, verse 49, “…49 And
He said unto them, ‘Why did you seek Me? Did you not know that I must be about
My Father's business?’…” what is Jesus
saying? He is saying “Joseph is not My father. God in heaven is My Father.” He’s
disowning the fatherhood of Joseph and He is saying that His Father is
God in heaven. And then notice they did not understand what He was saying
when He spoke about His Father’s business. It says in verse 50, “…50 But
they did not understand the statement…” I want you to remember this. “…they did not
understand the statement which He spoke to them. 51 Then He
went down and came to Nazareth, and was subject to them: but His mother kept
all these sayings in her heart…” In other words
she was reflecting His words, you know “I must be about My Father’s business”,
He denied that He was the son of Joseph, and He is speaking about His “Father’s
business” and she is pondering these things in her heart. She is trying to
resolve this deep mystery that is taking place in her mind.
Jadi
sekarang kita sudah meneliti adegan-adegan kelahiran Yesus, adegan-adegan yang
berbicara tentang kelahiran Yesus, dan kita juga sudah menyimak beberapa
karakteristik Maria, ibu Yesus.
Sekarang
kita harus lanjut ke saat ketika Yesus dibawa ke Bait Suci untuk Bar
Mitzvah-Nya, dengan kata lain Dia akan memasuki tahap sebagai laki-laki dewasa,
dan Dia dibawa ke Yerusalem barangkali untuk pertama kalinya, pada saat upacara
Passah. Dan saat Yesus pergi ke perayaan Passah itu dan mengamati
upacara-upacara yang terjadi di Bait Suci, Dia sangat tersentuh. Semua upacara
Bait Suci seolah-olah berbicara tentang hidupNya, tentang misiNya, tentang asal
usulNya dan tentang takdirNya.
Saya ingin
membacakan perikop ini, ini bacaannya agak panjang, dan sambil kita membaca
saya ingin menambahkan beberapa komentar mengenai kunjungan Yesus ke Bait Suci
itu. Lukas 2, dan mulai dari ayat 43, ingat pada saat itu Yesus berusia 12
tahun. Dikatakan di ayat 43, “Sehabis
hari-hari perayaan itu, ketika mereka dalam
perjalanan pulang…” mereka dari Yerusalem, “…ketika mereka dalam perjalanan pulang, pemuda Yesus masih berada di Yerusalem, dan Yusuf serta ibuNya…” saya mau kalian perhatikan, pada saat ini Yusuf masih
apa? Yusuf masih hidup. Dikatakan, “…Yusuf serta ibuNya tidak mengetahuinya…” Bagi saya sangat
menarik di sini tidak dikatakan “orangtuaNya”, tidak dikatakan “ayahNya Yusuf
dan ibuNya Maria”, melainkan dikatakan “Yusuf serta ibuNya”. Ini
mengindikasikan bahwa Maria adalah ibuNya, tetapi Yusuf apa? Yusuf bukan
ayahNya. Selanjutnya dikatakan, ayat 44, “…44
Tetapi karena mereka menyangka bahwa Ia ada dalam rombongan…” mereka agak menelantarkan Dia, “…mereka sudah menempuh satu hari perjalanan, lalu mencari Dia di antara keluarga dan kenalan
mereka. 45 Maka ketika mereka
tidak menemukan Dia, kembalilah mereka ke Yerusalem mencari Dia…” Bisakah kalian
membayangkan bagaimana kesedihan dan hati Maria dan hati Yusuf dengan hilangnya
Yesus? Nah, perhatikan berapa lamanya Dia hilang. Dikatakan selanjutnya, mari
kita baca sekali lagi ayat 45, “….Maka ketika
mereka tidak menemukan Dia, kembalilah mereka ke Yerusalem mencari Dia. 46
Sekarang, setelah tiga hari…” berapa lama
penderitaan itu berlangsung? “…tiga
hari, mereka menemukan Dia dalam Bait Allah; sedang duduk di tengah-tengah alim
ulama, sambil mendengarkan mereka dan mengajukan pertanyaan-pertanyaan kepada
mereka…” menarik, “…47 Dan semua orang yang mendengar
Dia sangat heran akan kecerdasan-Nya dan segala jawaban
yang diberikan-Nya…” sepertinya Yesus
melontarkan pertanyaan-pertanyaan kepada mereka, lalu Dia membuat mereka
termangu, mereka tidak bisa memberikan jawaban-jawaban maka Dia menjawab
pertanyaan-pertanyaanNya sendiri. Menarik bagaimana Pemuda berusia 12 tahun ini mengajar mereka
yang sudah pakar-pakar Kitab Suci di Bait Suci. Dari mana Yesus mendapatkan
pengetahuanNya? Dia mendapatkannya dari Allah, tetapi Dia juga mendapatkannya
melalui ibuNya, yang mengajarkan Kitab Suci Perjanjian Lama kepadaNya. Lalu di
ayat 48 kita mendapati kata-kata ini, “…48
Dan ketika mereka melihat Dia, tercenganglah
mereka, lalu kata ibu-Nya kepada-Nya: ‘Nak, mengapa Engkau berbuat demikian
terhadap kami?’…” padahal merekalah
yang telah menelantarkan Dia, “…Lihat, ayah-Mu dan aku dengan cemas mencari Engkau.’…” perhatikan Maria
berkata, “aku dan ayah-Mu”, sekarang inilah jawaban Yesus, ayat 49, “…49 Jawab-Nya kepada mereka:
‘Mengapa kalian mencari Aku? Tidakkah kalian tahu, bahwa Aku harus melakukan pekerjaan Bapa-Ku?’…” apa yang dikatakan
Yesus? Dia berkata, “Yusuf bukan bapakKu. Allah yang di Surga, Bapa-Ku.” Yesus menolak status keayahan
Yusuf dan Dia berkata bahwa Bapa-Nya ialah Allah di Surga.
Kemudian perhatikan bahwa mereka tidak paham apa yang dikatakanNya saat Dia
berbicara tentang pekerjaan Bapa-Nya. Dikatakan di ayat 50, “…50 Tetapi mereka tidak mengerti pernyataan…” saya mau kalian
mengingat ini, “…mereka tidak mengerti pernyataan yang
dikatakan-Nya kepada mereka. 51 Lalu Ia turun dan pergi ke Nazaret; dan Ia tetap hidup dalam asuhan mereka. Tetapi ibu-Nya menyimpan semua perkara itu di
dalam hatinya…” Dengan kata lain, Maria merenungkan kata-kataNya: “Aku harus melakukan pekerjaan
Bapa-Ku”, Dia menyangkal bahwa Dia itu anak Yusuf, dan Dia berbicara tentang
“pekerjaan” Bapa-Nya. Maria merenungkan semua hal ini dalam hatinya. Maria berusaha
mencari jawaban atas rahasia yang dalam ini yang ada dalam benaknya.
Now, I would like to read another statement
from The Desire of Ages pg. 82-83. “Mary was to
witness His last agony, and Jesus desired her to
understand His mission, that she might be strengthened to endure, when the
sword should pierce through her soul. As Jesus had been separated from her, and
she had sought Him sorrowing three days, so when He should be offered up for
the sins of the world, He would again be lost to her for three days. And as He
should come forth from the tomb, her sorrow would again be turned to joy. But
how much better she could have borne the anguish of His death if she had
understood the Scriptures to which He was now trying to turn her thoughts!”
In other words, Mary did not understand the
Scriptures that spoke about the Messiah at this point. I want you to remember
this because later on in this series we are going to take a look at this idea
because some people believe that Mary knew everything that was going to happen
with Jesus from before the time that Jesus was conceived actually in her womb.
But very clearly Scripture says that they did not understand what Jesus was
saying when He said “I
must be about My Father’s business”.
Sekarang saya ingin membacakan
pernyataan lain dari The Desire of Ages
hal. 82-83. “Maria bakal harus
menyaksikan penderitaanNya yang terakhir, dan Yesus ingin dia [Maria] bisa memahami
misiNya agar dia boleh dikuatkan dan lebih tabah ketika pedang itu menembus
jiwanya. Sebagaimana Yesus telah terpisah darinya dan Maria sudah mencariNya
dan berduka selama tiga hari, maka ketika Yesus harus dipersembahkan sebagai
kurban dosa dunia ini, Dia akan terpisah lagi darinya selama tiga hari. Dan saat
Yesus akan keluar dari kubur nanti, kesedihannya akan berubah lagi menjadi
sukacita. Namun betapa lebih tabahnya Maria akan bisa memikul kepiluan kematian
Yesus itu seandainya dia memahami Firman yang sekarang mau dinyatakan Yesus
kepadanya.”
Dengan kata lain, Maria tidak memahami Firman
yang berbicara tentang Sang Messias pada titik ini. Saya mau kalian mengingat
ini karena nanti dalam serie ini kita akan membahas konsep ini karena ada orang
yang meyakini bahwa Maria tahu segala sesuatu yang akan terjadi pada Yesus dari
masa sebelum Yesus dibuahi di rahimnya. Tetapi Kitab Suci sangat jelas berkata
bahwa mereka tidak paham apa yang dikatakan Yesus ketika Dia berkata bahwa “Aku
harus melakukan pekerjaan Bapa-Ku.”
Now we must move on to the experience at the
wedding of Cana the next reference to Mary the mother of Jesus. At this point
we know that Joseph was dead.
You say, “How do we know that Joseph was
dead?”
Well, for three main reasons:
1. In John 2:12 when Mary returned home after
the wedding of Cana, we are told that she went home with the brothers and
sisters of Jesus but there is no reference to Joseph. Notice John 2:12 says
this: “After this He went down to Capernaum, He,
His mother, His brothers, and His disciples: and they did not stay there many
days.”
No reference whatsoever to Joseph.
2. Also in Mark 3 which we are going to look
at in a moment Mark 3:21 and verses 31-35 we find that the brothers and sisters
of Jesus, and Mary actually come to seize Jesus during His ministry. And we
find that there is no reference to Joseph coming with Mary, and the brothers
and sisters of Jesus.
3. Furthermore when Jesus is hanging on the
cross of Calvary we find that Jesus commands Mary into the hands of John. She
would never have done that if Joseph was still alive.
So at this point when Jesus began His
ministry Joseph was already dead. In fact Desire
of Ages pg. 145 states this: “Death had separated her from Joseph, who had shared her
knowledge of the mystery of the birth of Jesus. Now there was no one to whom
she could confide her hopes and fears…”
And of course at the wedding the wine runs out and so Mary comes to Jesus
and she says, “There is no wine.” Obviously she is trying to get Jesus to do
something about it.
And Jesus says, “What do you have to do with Me, woman?” He is not being disrespectful, it’s a common way of sons addressing their
mothers. He says “My time has not yet come.” What did He mean when He said “My time has not yet come”? In what sense
was He kindly but firmly rebuking Mary? Well, in the
Desire of Ages pg. 147 we find the explanation as to what Jesus meant when
He said “My time has not yet come”.
Sekarang
kita harus lanjut ke pengalaman di pesta pernikahan di Kana, referensi
berikutnya tentang Maria ibu Yesus. Di sini kita tahu bahwa Yusuf sudah
meninggal.
Kalian
berkata, “Dari mana kita tahu Yusuf sudah meninggal?”
Yah, karena
tiga alasan pokok:
1.
Di Yohanes 2:12 ketika Maria pulang setelah pesta
pernikahan di Kana, kita mendapat tahu bahwa dia pulang bersama saudara-saudara
laki-laki dan perempuan Yesus tetapi tidak disebut tentang Yusuf. Perhatikan
Yohanes 2:12 yang mengatakan demikian, “Sesudah
itu Yesus turun ke Kapernaum, Dia, ibu-Nya dan saudara-saudara laki-laki-Nya dan murid-murid-Nya, dan mereka
tinggal di situ hanya beberapa hari saja.”
Tidak
menyebutkan apa pun tentang Yusuf.
2.
Juga di Markus 3 yang akan kita lihat nanti, di Markus
3:21 dan ayat 31-35 kita mendapati saudara-saudara Yesus yang laki-laki dan
perempuan, dan Maria, datang untuk memaksaNya pulang saat pelayananNya. Dan kita
tidak melihat Yusuf disebutkan datang bersama Maria dan saudara-saudara
laki-laki dan perempuan Yesus.
3.
Lebih lanjut ketika Yesus sedang tergantung di salib di
Kalvari, kita mendapatkan Yesus menyerahkan Maria ke tangan Yohanes. Maria
pasti tidak akan mau seandainya Yusuf masih hidup.
Jadi, pada
saat Yesus memulai pelayananNya, Yusuf sudah meninggal. Malah The Desire of Ages hal. 145 menyatakan ini: “Kematian telah memisahkan Maria dari Yusuf, yang selama
ini ikut berbagi pengetahuannya tentang rahasia kelahiran Yesus. Sekarang tidak
ada lagi orang yang bisa diajaknya berbicara tentang harapan-harapannya dan
ketakutan-ketakutannya…”
Dan tentu
saja di pesta pernikahan di Kana, anggurnya habis, maka Maria datang ke Yesus
dan dia berkata, “Tidak ada anggur.” Jelas Maria ingin agar Yesus melakukan
sesuatu tentang kondisi itu. Dan Yesus berkata, "Mau
apakah engkau dari-Ku, perempuan?” Yesus bukan bersikap tidak hormat, itu adalah cara yang
wajar bagi anak laki-laki untuk menyebut ibu mereka. Yesus berkata, “Saat-Ku belum tiba." Apa maksud Yesus
ketika Dia berkata, “SaatKu belum tiba”? Dalam hal apa Yesus dengan lemah
lembut namun tegas menegur Maria? Nah di Desire
of Ages hal. 147 kita menemukan penjelasan apa yang dimaksud Yesus ketika
Dia berkata “Saat-Ku belum tiba.”
You know in the gospels Jesus says, “The time is coming when
all those in the grave will hear His voice” right? At that time
He is going to be the glorious Messiah. Notice in the light of that statement,
in John 5:28-29 what we’ll find in the Desire
of Ages, and once again the page
147. “In saying to Mary that His
hour had not yet come, Jesus was replying to her unspoken thought…” see, He knew what she was
thinking. “…to the expectation she cherished in common
with her people…” what was that
expectation? The description continues, “…She hoped
that He would reveal Himself as the Messiah, and take the throne of Israel. But
the time had not come. Not as a King, but as "a Man of Sorrows, and acquainted with
grief," had Jesus accepted the lot of humanity.”
She was actually hoping that He would
declare Himself king, sit on the throne, destroy the Romans, and put the Jewish
nation where it should be, on top. And Jesus says, that moment, that hour has
not yet come. It’s not the moment.
Kalian tahu di dalam kitab-kitab Injil Yesus berkata, “…saatnya akan tiba, bahwa semua orang yang di
dalam kuburan akan mendengar suara-Nya” [Mat 5:28] Benar? Pada saat itu Yesus akan menjadi Mesias yang penuh kemuliaan.
Perhatikan sehubungan dengan pernyataan itu, di Yohanes 5:28-29, yang kita
temukan di The Desire of Ages dan sekali
lagi dari hal. 147. “Dengan
mengatakan kepada Maria bahwa saatNya belum tiba, Yesus menjawab pikiran Maria
yang tidak diucapkannya…” Lihat, Yesus tahu apa yang
dipikirkan Maria. “…akan harapan yang
didamba-dambakannya sama seperti yang dimiliki bangsanya…” Harapan apa itu? Deskripsi ini berlanjut, “…Maria berharap Yesus akan menyatakan DiriNya sebagai
Sang Mesias dan merebut takhta Israel. Tetapi saatnya belum tiba. Bukan sebagai
seorang raja, namun Yesus telah menerima takdirNya sebagaimana semua manusia,
sebagai “Manusia Penuh Duka dan mengenal
kesedihan” [Yes. 53:3]
Maria benar-benar berharap Yesus akan menyatakan DiriNya
sebagai raja, duduk di atas takhta, menghancurkan bangsa Roma, dan menempatkan
bangsa Yahudi di tempatnya yang seharusnya, yaitu di atas. Dan Yesus berkata,
saat itu, waktu itu belum tiba. Sekarang bukan waktunya.
Do you know, actually Mary at this point
had a little feeling that she had some rights and some claims upon Jesus
because she was the mother of Jesus.
Notice this comment from the book Spirit of Prophecy Vol. 2 pg. 101, regarding the response of Jesus to Mary we
find these words: “His manner was
respectful, yet firm; He designed to teach Mary that the time for her to
control Him as a mother, was ended. His mighty work now lay before Him, and no
one must direct concerning the exercise of His divine power. There was danger
that Mary would presume upon her relationship to Christ, and feel that she had
special claims upon Him and special rights…” so even she was
tempted that, you know, because I am the
mother I can kind of manipulate my son into doing what I want Him to do. The
fact is, that her motherly authority at this point had already come to an end.
Tahukah
kalian, sesungguhnya saat itu Maria memiliki sedikit perasaan bahwa dia punya
hak dan punya klaim atas Yesus karena dia ibu Yesus.
Perhatikan
komentar dari buku Spirit of Prophecy Vol. 2
hal. 101, mengenai tanggapan Yesus kepada Maria, kita mendapatkan kata-kata
ini: “SikapNya penuh hormat, namun tegas; Dia
merencanakan untuk mengajar Maria bahwa masa dia mengendalikanNya sebagai ibuNya,
telah berakhir. Pekerjaan besar sekarang terpampang di hadapanNya, dan tidak
seorang pun boleh mengatur bagaimana Dia menjalankan kekuasaan ilahiNya. Ada
bahaya bahwa Maria akan mengandalkan hubungannya dengan Kristus dan merasa
bahwa dia memiliki klaim istimewa padaNya dan hak-hak yang istimewa…” jadi bahkan Maria
tergoda oleh hal itu, “karena saya adalah ibuNya, saya bisa memanipulasi Anak
saya untuk melakukan apa yang saya ingin Dia lakukan.” Faktanya justru,
kewenangannya sebagai ibu pada saat ini sudah berakhir.
Now let’s examine a couple of references to
Mary during the ministry of Jesus.
Mark 3:21, and then we’ll jump down to
verses 31-35. Jesus had been working non-stop, and His mother, and brothers and
sisters thought He was at the point of a nervous breakdown, so they are coming
and they are going to seize Him and they are going to take Him home. Notice
verse 21 “But when His own people heard about this, they went out to lay hold of
Him; for they said, ‘He is out of His mind.’…” verse 31, “…31 Then His brothers and His
mother came…” they arrived a
little bit later “…and standing outside they sent word to Him calling Him. 32And a multitude was
sitting around Him, and they said to Him, ‘Look, Your mother and Your brothers
are outside seeking You.’…” He knew why they
had come. They had come to seize Him. Were Mary and His brothers and sisters in
tune with the purpose of His ministry, with the purpose of what He was doing?
Absolutely not. Those who were present there were more in tune. And so notice
what we find beginning with verse 33, “…33 But He answered them,
saying, ‘Who is My mother or My brothers?’ 34
And He looked around in a circle at those who sat about Him, and
said, ‘Here are My mother and My brothers!
35 For whoever does
the will of God, is My brother and My
sister and My mother.’" In other words, He is saying, “These people who want to listen to My words
who are following My ministry are more in tune, they are more like My mother,
and My brothers and My sisters than My own flesh and blood.”
Sekarang,
mari kita simak beberapa referensi tentang Maria selama pelayanan Yesus.
Markus 3:21 lalu
kita akan meloncat ke ayat 31-35. Yesus sudah bekerja non-stop dan ibuNya, serta saudara-saudaraNya menganggap
Dia sudah nyaris ambruk kelelahan, jadi mereka datang dan mereka berencana
menangkapNya dan mereka mau membawaNya pulang dengan paksa. Perhatikan ayat 21,
“Waktu keluarga-Nya sendiri mendengar hal itu, mereka datang untuk menangkapNya, sebab kata mereka, ‘Ia sudah tidak
waras.’ …” ayat 31, “…31
Lalu datanglah ibu dan saudara-saudara Yesus…” mereka tiba tak
lama kemudian, “…Dan sementara mereka berdiri di luar, mereka menyuruh orang memanggil
Dia. 32 Ada orang banyak duduk mengelilingi Dia, dan mereka berkata kepada-Nya: ‘Lihat, ibu dan
saudara-saudara-Mu ada di luar, mencariMu.’…” Yesus tahu mengapa
mereka telah datang, mereka mau datang menangkapNya. Apakah Maria dan
saudara-saudara Yesus sejalan dengan tujuan pelayananNya, dengan apa yang
sedang dilakukanNya? Sama sekali tidak. Justru mereka yang hadir itu lebih
sejalan. Jadi, simak apa yang kita lihat di ayat 33, “…33 Jawab Yesus kepada mereka: ‘Siapa
ibu-Ku dan siapa saudara-saudara-Ku?’ 34 Dan Ia memandang orang-orang yang
duduk di sekeliling-Nya itu dan berkata: ‘Di
sinilah ibu-Ku dan saudara-saudara-Ku! 35 Karena barangsiapa melakukan kehendak Allah, dialah saudara-Ku
laki-laki, dan saudara-Ku perempuan, dan ibu-Ku."
Dengan kata
lain, Yesus berkata, “Orang-orang ini yang mau mendengarkan kata-kataKu, yang
mengikuti pelayananKu, mereka ini lebih sejalan, mereka ini lebih mirip ibuKu,
saudara-saudara-Ku yang laki-laki dan saudara-saudaraKu yang perempuan,
daripada keluargaKu sendiri.”
You know, Jesus once encountered a lady who
really felt that it was a great privilege for Mary to give birth to Jesus.
Notice Luke 11:27-28, it says, “And
it happened, as He spoke these things, that a certain woman from the crowd raised
her voice and said to Him, ‘Blessed is the womb that bore You and the
breasts which nursed You.’…” in other words, this woman is
exalting whom? Mary. Notice the response of Jesus, “…28 But He said, ‘More than
that, blessed are those who hear the word of God and keep it.’…” In other words Jesus shifted the
center of attention from His mother to those who do the will of God, who
understand His ministry and what He came to this earth to do.
Kalian tahu, suatu kali Yesus bertemu dengan seorang
perempuan yang merasa bahwa Maria telah mendapatkan kehormatan yang besar
melahirkan Yesus. Perhatikan Lukas 11:27-28, dikatakan, “Yang terjadi, ketika Yesus masih berbicara, berserulah seorang
perempuan dari antara orang banyak dan berkata kepada-Nya: ‘Diberkatilah rahim yang telah melahirkan Engkau dan buah dada yang telah menyusui Engkau.’…” dengan kata lain
perempuan ini sedang meninggikan siapa? Maria. Simak tanggapan Yesus, “… 28
Tetapi Ia berkata: ‘Lebih daripada itu,
diberkatilah mereka yang mendengarkan Firman Allah dan yang
memeliharanya.’…” dengan kata lain Yesus menggeser pusat perhatian dari
ibuNya kepada mereka yang melakukan kehendak Allah, yang memahami pelayananNya
dan untuk apa Dia datang ke dunia ini.
Now we must move on to Jesus hanging on the
cross of Calvary.
At the foot of the cross are some women as
well as John the apostle. Let’s read the story in John 19:25-27, it says, “…Now, there stood by the cross of Jesus, His mother, and His mother's sister, Mary the
wife of Cleopas, and Mary
Magdalene. 26 When Jesus therefore saw His mother, and the disciple
whom He loved standing by, He said to His mother, ‘Woman, behold, your son!’ 27
Then He said to the disciple, ‘Behold, your mother!’ And from that hour
that disciple took her to his own home.”
You see, Jesus was at the point of death.
He was going to leave to Heaven. And He was concerned about the welfare of His
mother. And so He commands His mother, the care of His mother to John. Notice that it wasn’t Mary who took John to
her household, it was John who took Mary to his household because Jesus had
commanded Mary into His disciple’s care.
Sekarang
kita harus lanjut ke saat Yesus tergatung di salib di Kalvari.
Di kaki
salib ada beberapa perempuan dan juga rasul Yohanes. Mari kita baca kisahnya di
Yohanes 19:25-27, dikatakan, “Dan dekat salib Yesus berdiri ibu-Nya dan
saudara ibu-Nya, Maria, isteri Klopas dan Maria Magdalena. 26 Ketika
Yesus melihat ibu-Nya dan murid yang dikasihi-Nya di sampingnya, berkatalah Ia
kepada ibu-Nya: ‘Ibu, lihatlah, anakmu!’ 27
Kemudian kata-Nya kepada murid-murid-Nya: ‘Lihatlah
ibumu!’ Dan sejak saat itu murid itu membawa
Maria ke dalam rumahnya.”
Kalian
lihat, Yesus sedang sekarat. Dia akan kembali ke Surga. Dan Dia mengkhawatirkan
kesejahteraan ibuNya. Maka Dia menyerahkan ibuNya ke pemeliharaan Yohanes.
Perhatikan, bukan Maria yang membawa Yohanes ke rumahnya, tetapi Yohanes yang
membawa Maria ke rumahnya karena Yesus telah menyerahkan Maria untuk dipelihara
rasulNya.
Now we need to examine the one reference to
Mary after the resurrection of Jesus. It’s found in the book of Acts. It’s the
final reference to Mary in the New Testament, after Acts 1:13-14 there are no more
references to Mary. It says there in Acts 1:13-14 “And
when they had
entered, they went up into the
upper room where they were staying;
Peter, James, John and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and
Matthew, James the son of
Alphaeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James...” The 12 apostles,
11 apostles at this point are mentioned “…14 These all continued with
one accord in prayer and supplication with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with His brothers.”
You know, it really is exciting to notice
that His brothers came around. His brothers actually were in the upper room and
they accepted Jesus as the Messiah, and we are told that His mother was there.
There is no special emphasis here placed upon Mary. They are not praying to
Mary, they are not exalting Mary, in fact the central figure on the day of
Pentecost is who? It’s Peter who stands up and speaks. There is no special
reference here to Mary at all. It simply states that she and the brothers of
Jesus were there in the upper room when the Holy Spirit was poured out on the
day of Pentecost.
Sekarang kita perlu memeriksa satu-satunya referensi
tentang Maria setelah kebangkitan Yesus. Ada di kitab Kisah. Ini adalah
referensi terakhir tentang Maria di Perjanjian Baru, setelah Kisah 1:13-14 tidak ada referensi lain lagi
tentang Maria. Dikatakan di Kisah 1:13-14, “Dan setelah mereka masuk,
naiklah mereka ke ruang atas, tempat mereka menumpang: Petrus, Yakobus, Yohanes, dan Andreas, Filipus dan
Tomas, Bartolomeus dan Matius, Yakobus bin Alfeus, dan Simon orang Zelot dan
Yudas bin Yakobus…” Keduabelas rasul, 11 yang disebutkan saat ini, “…14
Mereka semua bertekun
dengan sehati dalam doa dan permohonan,
bersama-sama dengan beberapa perempuan, serta Maria ibu Yesus, dan dengan
saudara-saudara Yesus.”
Kalian tahu, sungguh menggembirakan melihat bahwa
saudara-saudara Yesus telah bertobat. Saudara-saudaraNya juga berada di ruang atas itu dan mereka menerima Yesus
sebagai Mesias, dan kita mendapat tahu bahwa Maria ibuNya ada di sana. Tidak
ada penekanan istimewa pada Maria, mereka tidak berdoa kepada Maria, mereka
tidak memuji Maria, malah tokoh sentralnya pada hari Pentakosta itu siapa?
Petrus, yang bangkit dan yang berbicara. Di sini tidak ada referensi istimewa
tentang Maria sama sekali. Ayat ini hanya menyatakan bahwa Maria dan
saudara-saudara Yesus ada di sana di ruang atas itu ketika Roh Kudus dicurahkan
pada hari Pentakosta.
As I mentioned, after Pentecost there are
no further references to Mary. We find no reference or no mention to her death.
And so some people might assume, well, because her death was not mentioned,
maybe she was assumed to Heaven after she died, she was bodily assumed to
Heaven. Well, the fact is, that it is not so significant that the death of Mary
was not mentioned, because most of the deaths of the disciples were not
mentioned either. We simply don’t know about the death of most of the apostles
and we don’t know about the death of Mary, in fact according to the gospels,
the last group that resurrected were those who came forth from the grave when
Jesus resurrected, in Matthew 27:51-53. The next group which will resurrect
according to the New Testament are those who will come forth from the tomb when
Jesus descends from Heaven with a shout with the voice of the Archangel, with
the trump of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. We find this very
interesting reference in Manuscript Releases
Vol. 5 pg 102-103. Notice this comment: “Mary, the mother of our Lord has
not been raised. She is waiting the sound of the trump of God that shall call
the dead from their prison house. All the prayers offered to Mary fall to the
ground. Mary's ears have not yet been pierced by the sound of the trump of
God.” And they will be pierced when Jesus comes
on the clouds of heavens.
Seperti yang
sudah saya katakan, setelah Pentakosta tidak ada lagi referensi tentang Maria.
Kita tidak mendapatkan referensi dan tidak disebutkan tentang kematiannya. Maka
ada orang yang mungkin berasumsi, karena kematiannya tidak disebutkan, mungkin
dia diangkat naik ke Surga setelah kematiannya, dia diangkat ke Surga dengan
tubuhnya. Nah, faktanya ialah, tidak disebutkannya kematian Maria itu tidak
terlalu signifikan, karena kebanyakan kematian para murid juga tidak
disebutkan. Kita sama sekali tidak tahu tentang kematian mayoritas rasul-rasul
dan kita juga tidak tahu tentang kematian Maria, bahkan menurut kitab-kitab
Injil, kelompok yang terakhir dibangkitkan adalah mereka yang keluar dari kubur
ketika Yesus bangkit, di Matius 27:51-53. Kelompok berikutnya yang akan bangkit
menurut Perjanjian Baru adalah mereka yang akan keluar dari kubur ketika Yesus turun
dari Surga dengan seruan suara Penghulu Malaikat, dengan sangkakala Allah, dan
yang mati dalam Kristus akan lebih dulu bangkit. [1 Tesalonika 4:16-17] Kita
mendapatkan referensi yang sangat menarik ini di Manuscript
Releases Vol. 5 hal. 102-103. Perhatikan komentar ini, “Maria ibu Tuhan kita belum dibangkitkan. Dia masih
menunggu suara sangkakala Allah yang akan memanggil orang mati keluar dari
tempat tawanan mereka. Semua doa yang dipersembahkan kepada Maria sekarang,
jatuh ke tanah. Telinga Maria belum ditembus oleh suara sangkakala Allah.” Dan telinganya itu
akan ditembus pada saat Yesus datang di awan-awan di langit.
So this leads us to ask a very important
question, and that is, who then is this Mary who is appearing in different
parts of planet earth at present? If
Mary died and was buried, and she is awaiting the resurrection, who are these
entities that appeared all over the world claiming to be the virgin Mary? We
will be dealing with this in future lectures particularly the last lecture
which is titled “The Ecumenical Mary”.
Maka ini membawa
kita kepada satu pertanyaan yang sangat penting, yaitu, siapakah Maria yang
sekarang menampakkan dirinya di pelbagai tempat di planet bumi? Jika Maria
sudah meninggal dan dikuburkan, dan dia sedang menantikan kebangkitan, siapakah
wujud-wujud yang menampakkan diri di mana-mana di bumi yang mengklaim sebagai
perawan Maria? Kita akan membahas ini dalam ceramah-ceramah berikut terutama
ceramah yang terakhir yang berjudul “The Ecumenical Mary”.
Now, I would like to deal with one final
reference and that is the reference to the woman who is clothed with the sun and who is standing on the moon.
I have visited for example many Roman
Catholic cathedrals and I’ve discovered that many times Mary is depicted as
standing on the moon, clothed with the sun, having a crown of 12 stars on her
head, with the baby Jesus in her arms and also trampling upon the serpent. In
fact, St. Alphonsus
Liguori who wrote a book which we will refer to
more extensively later on in the series, called All
the Glories of Mary, says about the woman who is clothed with the sun, he
says, “It was she who was seen by St. John in the Apocalypse
clothed with the sun…” and
then he quotes the verse, “…and a great
sign appeared in heaven, a woman clothed with the sun…” Now is this woman of Revelation 12,
actually Mary? If you look carefully at the text you will find that it is not
Mary.
Sekarang, saya ingin membahas
satu referensi terakhir dan ini ialah referensi tentang perempuan yang berselubung
matahari dan yang berdiri di atas bulan.
Saya telah mengunjungi banyak
katedral Roma Katolik dan saya temukan seringkali Maria digambarkan berdiri di
atas bulan, berselubung matahari, memakai mahkota dengan 12 bintang di
kepalanya, sambil menggendong bayi Yesus di lengannya dan juga menginjak seekor
ular. Bahkan St. Alphonsus Liguori yang menulis sebuah buku yang akan kita
bahas dengan lebih luas dalam serie ini nanti, yang berjudul All the Glories of Mary berkata tentang
perempuan yang berselubung matahari, demikian: “Dialah yang
dilihat oleh St. Yohanes di apokalips, yang berselubung dengan matahari…” kemudian dia mengutip ayatnya, “Maka
tampaklah suatu tanda besar di langit: Seorang perempuan berselubungkan
matahari [Wahyu 12:1]…” Nah, apakah
perempuan di Wahyu 12 ini betul Maria? Jika kita simak ayat itu baik-baik, kita
akan melihat bahwa itu bukan Maria.
First of all you are dealing with symbols. And in Bible
prophecies a woman represents what? A woman represents the church. This is not a literal woman at all. Furthermore we are told that the
woman fled to the wilderness for 1260 days, which are really 1260 years. How is
it then that if this is Mary she fled into the wilderness when supposedly she
was assumed to Heaven after her death? She was bodily assumed, body and soul,
to Heaven, according to Roman Catholic theology. What is she doing being
persecuted by the serpent on planet earth during 1260 years? We are dealing
with symbols. Furthermore the 1260 years do
not fit the idea of Mary being the person that is spoken of here.
Furthermore, this
passage makes it very clear that the woman represents the saints of God, it
represents the church of God. You say, “How is that?”
Well, if you notice
Daniel 7:25 it says that God’s people would be persecuted for “a time, times,
and a dividing of time”. It says the saints will be persecuted for “a time,
times and a dividing of time”. When you go to Revelation 12, it says that the
woman is going a be persecuted for “time, times and a dividing of time”. So one
passage in Daniel says it is the saints, in the other passage it says that the
woman was going to be persecuted during that period “time, times, and a
dividing of time”. So very clearly the woman is a representation of whom? Of
the saints. Jesus was born from the Old Testament church, is what Revelation 12
is trying to teach us.
Pertama, kita sedang berurusan
dengan simbol-simbol. Dan dalam nubuatan Alkitab seorang perempuan melambangkan apa? Perempuan melambangkan gereja. Ini bukan seorang
perempuan betulan. Lagi pula kita diberitahu bahwa perempuan ini lari ke padang
gurun selama 1260 hari, yang adalah 1260 tahun. Bagaimana mungkin jika ini
adalah Maria, dia lari ke padang gurun padahal konon dia diangkat naik ke Surga
setelah kematiannya? Dia sudah diangkat secara badani, tubuh dan jiwa ke Surga
menurut theologi Roma Katolik. Ngapain dia dikejar-kejar oleh ular di planet
bumi selama 1260 tahun? Kita sedang berurusan dengan simbol-simbol.
Lagi pula 1260 tahun ini tidak
cocok dengan konsep bahwa Maria-lah yang dimaksud di sini.
Lebih jauh, perikop ini sangat
jelas menyatakan bahwa perempuan itu melambangkan orang-orang kudus Allah, itu
melambangkan gereja Allah.
Kalian berkata, “Kok bisa?”
Nah, jika kalian simak Daniel
7:25 dikatakan bahwa umat Allah akan dianiaya selama “satu masa, masa-masa, dan setengah masa.” Dikatakan bahwa orang-orang kudus akan dianiaya
selama “satu masa, masa-masa, dan setengah masa”. Jika kita ke Wahyu 12 dikatakan bahwa perempuan
itu akan dianiaya “satu masa,
masa-masa, dan setengah masa.” Jadi satu
perikop di Daniel berkata itu adalah para orang kudus, dalam perikop lain
dikatakan perempuan itu akan dianiaya selama “satu masa, masa-masa, dan setengah masa.” Jadi sangat jelas perempuan itu adalah lambang siapa?
Lambang orang-orang kudus. Yesus dilahirkan dari gereja Perjanjian Lama, itulah
yang mau diajarkan Wahyu 12 kepada kita.
We have many more exciting things to study during this series. We’ve
studied the biblical portrait which should be the foundation, in future
lectures we will deal with other issues and I hope that all of us will help to
tune in or to attend to study these very important matters.
Masih ada banyak hal yang
menarik untuk kita pelajari dalam serie ini. Kita telah membahas gambaran
alkitabiah tentang Maria yang harus menjadi fondasinya. Dalam ceramah-ceramah
berikutnya kita akan membahas isu-isu lain dan saya berharap kita semua akan mendengarkan
lewat streaming atau menghadari pembahasan-pembahasan yang sangat penting ini.
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